Internal-combustion chamber for engines



INTERNAL COMBUSTION CHAMBER FOR ENGINES.

APPLICATION FILED AUG. 14, I916.

1 342,449. Patented June 8, 1920.

IN VEN TOR.

WITNESSES: n 1% a, W

JOHN KONAR, OF oH'Ioaoo, ILLINOIS.

INTERNAL-COMBUSTION CHAMBER FOR ENGINES.

Ton-ll whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JOHN KoNAR, 'a. citizen of the United States of America, and a resident of Chicago, in the county of Cook, State of Illinois, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Internal-Combustion Chambers for Engines, of which the Fig. 2 is a transverse detail section of Fig. 1, shown on a line and in a direction indicated by arrow 26, and

Fig. 3 is an enlarged top view of the inlets 24 in the disk '21 illustrating the turbine blades 27 and indicating by shade lines the slanting surfaces adjacent the ports 24.

The port 16 in my selected exemplification of a gas engine may be fitted with any of the suitable known charging attachments.

The port has a recessed extension 17 partly surrounding the throat 15, and therefrom ordinarily separated by the wall 18 and by the tubular rim 19 of the throttle 20, which is rotatively fitted in the throat.

The rim has a number of ways 22, adapted to register with a number of similar ways in the wall of the throatto promote the whirling of the charge and a rapid opening and closing of said port and its extension through a fractional turn of the throttle by operating its crank 23.

The port 16, its extension 17 and the ways 22 have a tangential inclination to the throat 15, and afford thereby a whirl inducing intake passage for the charge. The discharge ends of the port 16 and of the extension 17 are disposed to empty into the'throat 15v in the same tangential direction but from opposite sides of the periphery of the throat and produce by such distribution a vortex of a more uniform circumgyration.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented June 8, 1920.

Application filed August 14, 1916. Serial No. 114,865.

When fed by suction with a four cycle engine through the port 16, the fuel-mixture rushes by its tangential inertia into the peripheral space of the throat 15, turns therein scroll-fashioned to the centrally disposed vent 7 and pours downward as a whlrl. gyrating centrifugally alongside the periphery of the chamber 12 and brushing centripetally over the top of the receding piston 11 to form thereon a turning column. I

A disk '21 above the throat has a dia- 'phragm with a number of inlets 2t, ordinarily closed by the throttle, but adapted to register with similar inlets in the top of the throttle and to establish thereby a rapid communication with the outside when the throttle is turned that way. The inlets have adjacent slanting surfaces and may be provided with turbine blades 27 to promote a swift turning of the air in the throat 15 during the suction stroke and to create vortex of air above the vent 7. In the making of the disk 21 vthe port-openings 24 are preferably cast without adjacent slanting surfaces for reasons of difficulties in running the molten cast-iron into thin edges without chilling the edges into hardness too difficult for machining. The slanting surfaces are more conveniently provided by forming sheet metal into turbine blades 27 and then inserting the blades in the ports 24 during the casting process or by any other convenient manner such as welding, riveting or the like. The slanting surfaces, as indicated in Fig. 3 by shade lines on the turbine blades 27, are disposed and inclined correspondingly to collectively turn the charge in one common direction around the common axis of the throat and the cylin-' der.

Vhen fed by the port 16 the fuel charge, inclined by the ways 22, streams tangentially into the peripheral space of the throat and is deflected by the wall of the throat into a centripetal scroll-fashioned course to turn above the vent 7 into a vortex of fuel mixture. The deflecting and turning function of the circularthroat 15 and the narrower vent 7 produces a uniformity of turning with theotherwise irregularly whirling vortex' and insures thereby a uniform centrifugal spreading of the eddying charge below the vent 7, when in the chamber 12 of the cylinder 10 a vacuum is provoked by the crank stroke of the piston 11, that is generally connected to a crank shaft by the rod 6.

Below the vent 7 the circumfusing charge spreads by centrifugal force toward the wall of the cylinder 10,"and then hugging the wall descends as a peripherally circumfluent tube toward the retreating piston 11. Meanwhile the speed of rotation of the lower tubular end of the charge is slowed down by the friction on the wall of the cylinder and by impact against the piston; simultaneously the thereby hindered tubular end loses centrifugal force and is pushed by the faster more centrifugal later arrival into a centripetal tub-bottom like transition to subjoina-base'to a vapor column, that is rising core like within said peripherally circumfiuent tube of later arriving charge.

Whenever during the later part of the suction stroke the fuel is cut off by a suitable provision with the charging attachment and only a portion of fuelless air is admitted to the port 16 on top of the preceded fuel charge, or when the port 16 is closed and the throttle is switched open for a whiff of air through the turbine bladed inlets 24, a fuelless whirlwind sweeps behind the gyrating fuel charge, produces a vortex above the vent 7, and spreads below the vent centrifugally to descend tubularly between the fuel core and the walls of the cylinder to contract on the receding piston to a tub-bottom form and having thus enveloped the preceded fuel charge to remain as last arrival in that enveloping relation during the brief moment of compression. During compression, after the vent 7 is sealed, inertia continues to keep the peripherally arrived cooler and more weighty air in a circumfluent centrifugal state, while lack of centrifugal force with the lighter fuel nucleus explains its centripetal perseverance. The vapor of the nucleus had preceded the later arriving air by a pilot ing passage over the hot surfaces and became lightened through heat-expansion before it settled centripetally. Therefore the nucleus has less weight than the air that.

.arrived later over partly cooled surfaces and therefore the slower turning lightweighted nucleus does not mix during the brief moment of compression with the heavier faster turning air envelop.

P'rolonging the fuelless air admission into more cycles, as for instance by adding a cycle fed by plain air to a four cycle engine, what is commonly called a six cycle gearing, affords an efficient air cooling of the chamber. The vortex whirls all the air successively over all the overheated surfaces to hug them subsequently with an intimate cooling contact before filling into the interior space of the chamber; this air ,coolof a suitable charging attachment a rich fuel mixture may be fed ahead to produce the nucleus within the last arrived, by centrifugal force peripherally localized, air-envelop. Air, water mist'or their mixture may form the protective lining envelop around the fuel nucleus and afford thereby during firing a productive internal cooling and a chamber free of carbon deposit by instantaneous consumption. The envelop immediately returns the received heat as additional energy by its own expansion through a heat that is otherwise wasted by the present unproductive cooling methods.

Suitable means for ignition, as for instance a spark :plug 9, has to be arranged to reach the nucleus through the envelop.

The throttle in a closed position affords a suflicient sealing of the cylinder during low pressures. Ordinarily the throttle seals the cylinder during the compression, and permits a delayed and therefore less violent seating of the puppet valve 8, which closes the vent T and seals the explosion chamber for firing purpose securely, thus sparingthe throttle high pressure and permitting its light fitting.

The stem. of the valve 8 is reciprocally inserted into a sleeved neck extending preferably from the disk 21. The valve and the throttle may be suitably operated by various known means to move with each cycle into the respective positions of fuel intake and air admission. rolonging the duration of fuel intake with each cycle will limit the time left for air admission and will reduce the proportion of the l'atter,and vice versa.

The throttle when geared four cycle fashion to the crank shaft and switched with the inlets 24 open to the outside during the. return stroke, affords an exhaust and per-' may then be used for 'air admission and for exhaust.

For chargingthe engine as'a' two cycle type. the port '16 and the inlets 24 are suitably fed under pressure from. a properly arranged source offuelless air. The fuel may be injected otherwise at the port 16 into the ingoing compressed air during the end course of the crank stroke. The 'fuel mixture is then subject to the afore set forth deflecting and turning function of the throat 15 and the thereto tangentially inclined ways 22- and turns into a vortex above the vent 7'. The valve 8 is ordinarily dispensed with the engine in a two cycle service. The opening 5', near the crank end of the cylinder and scalable by the piston, serves as an exhaust port. The gyration induces the charge to pour down as a whirling body through the vent 7 into the space of the chamber 12, which is then open to full capacity with the piston pulled down by the piston rod 6, that is suitably operated otherwise. There are no stray shoots of the fuel getting lost through the exhaust opening, especially when a whirl of air is admitted ahead of the fuel charge by delaying the fuel admission into the air intake or by admitting said whirl through the turbinebladed inlets 24 of the throttle 20, whichis suitably otherwise operated to close and open into the respective positions. The crank case 14 with the opening 13 may be arranged in usual manner for compressing the char e.

Having thus fully described my said 1nvention, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. In an internal combustion engine a cylinder with a head thereon, within the cylin der a movable piston, within the cylinder head a throat for turning the charge-into a vortex, in the casing of said throat a'number of ports open for a suitable fuel admission and having adjacent slanting surfaces to turn the charge into said vortex, between the throat and the cylinder and thereto axially alined a circular vent, said vent forming a narrowing to the lower end of said throat to constrict the peripheral irregularly turning portion of said vortex into a smaller radius and a more uniform circumrotation, said vent having a smaller circumference than the bore of the cylinder to assure a more uniform circumfusion of said vortex within said cylinder, a valve adapted to seal said vent, means to ignite the charge and a suitable exhaust.

2. In an internal combustion engine a cylinder with a head thereon. within the cylinder a movable piston, within the cylinder head and in axial alinement with the cylinder a throat for turning the charge into a vortex, in the wall of the cylinder head a port with an opening for a suitable fuel admission and having a discharge into said throat, with the discharge end of. said port a tangential incline to the periphery of said throat whereby said discharge end is adapted to direct the charge to stream tangentially through said periphery intothe peripheral space of said throat, between the throat and the cylinder and thereto axially alined a circular vent, said vent forming a narrowing to the lower end of said throat to constrict the peripheral irregularly turning portion of said vortex into a smaller radius and a more uniform circumrotation, said vent having a smaller circumference than the bore of the cylinder to assure a uniform circumfusion of said vortex within said cylinder, a valve adapted to seal said vent, means to ignite the charge and a suitable exhaust.

3. In an internal combustion engine a' cylinder with a head thereon, within the cylinder a movable piston, within the cylinder head a throat for turning the charge into a vortex, in the casing of said throat a number of ports open for a suitable fuel admission and having adjacent slanting surfaces. to turn the charge into said vortex, between -.the throat and the cylinder and thereto axially alined a circular vent, said vent forming a narrowing to the lower end of said throat to constrict the peripheral irregularly turning portion of said vortex into a smaller radius and a more uniform circumrotation, said vent having a smaller circumference than the bore of the cylinder to assure a more uniform circumfusion of said vortex within said cylinder, a valve adapted to seal said vent, means'to ignite the charge and an exhaust near the crank end of the cylinder and sealable by the piston.

4. In an internal combustion engine a cylinder with a head thereon, within the cylinder a movable piston, within the cylinder head and in axial alinement with the cylin vent, a puppet valve adapted to seal the cylinder against said vent, means to ignite the charge and a suitable exhaust.

In an internal combustion engine a cylinder with a head thereon, within the cylinder a movable piston, within the cylinder head and in axial alinement with the cylinder a throat for turning the charge into a vortex, in the wall of the cylinder head a port with an opening for a suitable fuel admission and having a discharge into said throat, with the discharge end of said port a tangential incline to the periphery of said throat whereby said discharge end is adapted to direct the charge to streamtangentially through said periphery into the peripheral space of said throat, a throttle within the throat and adapted to close and open said port, means to ignite the charge and a suitable exhaust.

6. In an internal combustion engine a cylinder with a head thereon, within the cylinder a movable piston, within the cylinder head and in axial alinement with the cylinder a throat for-turning the charge into a vortex, in the wall of the cylinder heada port with an opening for a suitable fuel admission and having a discharge into said throat, with the discharge end of said port a tangential incline to the periphery of said throat whereby said discharge end is adapted to direct the charge to stream tangentially 'cylinder with a head thereon, within the through said periphery into the peripheral space of said throat, in the cylinder head another passage between the outside and said throat, a throttle within the throat and adapted to close and open said passages, means to ignite the charge and a suitable exhaust.

7. In an internal combustion engine a cylinder with a head thereon,"within the cylinder a movable piston, within the cylinder head and in axial alinement with the cylinder a throat for turning the charge into a vortex, in the wall of the cylinder head a port with an opening for a suitable fuel admission and having a discharge into said throat, with the discharge end of said port a tangential incline to the periphery of said throat whereby said discharge end is adapted to direct the charge to stream tangentially through said periphery into the peripheral spaceof said throat, between the throat and the cylinder a thereto axially alined vent, means to ignite the charge and an exhaust near the crank end of the cylin der and sealable by the-piston.

8. In an internal combustion engine a cylinder with a head thereon, Within the cylinder a movable piston, within the cylinder head and in axial alinement with thecylinder a throat for turning the charge into a vortex, in the wall .of the cylinder head a port with an opening for a suitable fuel admission and having a discharge into said throat, with the discharge end of said port a tangential incline to the periphery of said throat whereby said discharge end is adapted to direct the charge to stream tangentially through said periphery into the perpheral space of said throat, a throttle within the throat and adapted to close andlopen said intake passage; means to ignite" the charge and an exhaust near the crank end of the cylinder and sealable by the piston.

. 9. In an internal combustion engine a cylinder with a head thereon, within the cylinder a movable piston, within the cylinder head and in axial alinement with the cylinder a throat for turning the charge into a vortex, in thewall of the cylinder head a port with an opening for a suitable fuel ada tangential incline to the periphery of said throat whereby said discharge end is adapted to direct the charge to stream tangentially through said periphery into the peripheral space of said throat, from said port an extension partly surrounding the throat and separated therefrom by a wall, in said wall and tangentially disposed to the periphery of the throat a number of ways into the throat from said port and its extension, means to ignite the charge and a suitable exhaust. 4

10. In an internal combustion engine a cylinder a movable piston, Within the cylinder head and centrally disposed in alinement to the longitudinal axis of the cylinder a circular throat for turning the charge into a vortex, into the throat a number of sealable passages, one of said passages open for a suitable fuel admission, and another sealable inlets open to receive a suitable charge, with the inlets an inclined plane to promote the charge into turning around the axis of the cylinder, means to'ignit'e the charge and a suitable exhaust.

12. In an internal combustion engine a cylinder with a head thereon, within the cylinder a movable piston, within the cylinder head and centrally disposed in alinement to the longitudinal axis of the cylinder a circular throat for turning the charge into a vortex, above the throat a diaphragm with inlets open to receive a suitable charge, below the diaphragm a circular throttle having inlets adapted to register with the inlets in said diaphragm. said throttle rotatably fitted within the throat and adapted to close and open said diaphragm, with said inlets an inclined plane to promote the charge into turning around the axis of the cylinder, means to ignite the charge and a said ante-chamber and open fora suitable fuel admission a number of ports having an cylinder a circular vent alined around said axis to circularly constrict said vortex toward said was for a centrifugally circumfusing envelop-forming whirl into the cylin- 10 der, a valve adapted to seal said vent, means to ignite the charge and a suitable exhaust.

Signed at Chicago, Illinois, this 12th day of August, A. D.-1916.

JOHN KONAR.

Witnesses:

HELEN A. NYMAN, C. E. BATTERTON. 

